Lift and the Physics of Flight Essay - 1127 Words

Since the beginning of recorded history, humans have always had a fascination with flight. Now that we live in a world where boarding an airplane and flying across the country – or even the world - is simply a part of everyday life, the wonder of flight has diminished for many. Despite this, physics students from all around continue to delight in the many physical forces that play a part in keeping these huge objects (like jumbo jets) from falling out of the sky! The common explanation given to those curious about how an airplane wing produces lift uses the Bernoulli Principle. This is the concept that because of the airfoil shape of a wing, the air traveling over the top of the wing must travel faster than the air going under the†¦show more content†¦Let’s say a plane is flying at a constant velocity and is not changing in altitude. Newton’s first law states: â€Å"Any object at rest will remain at rest or an object in motion will remain in motion unless a force acts on it.† Newton’s second law tells us that the sum of the forces (F) acting on a body is the mass (m) times the acceleration (a) of the body. In the case of our airplane, there is no acceleration because the velocity does not change up or down, forwards or backwards, so the sum of the forces must be zero. (F = ma = 0) In the case of the up and down forces, we know that the weight of the plane is acting down, so the counteracting lift fo rce must be of magnitude equal and opposite the weight (which can be very large depending on the size of the airplane in question)! First, we must clarify that air does not fly over an airfoil as smoothly and as straight as is commonly depicted. Let’s take a little detour to look at air as a fluid to explain how the shape of an airfoil diverts air down. When a moving fluid such as air or water comes in contact with a curved object such as an airfoil, it tends to follow the curve. This is known as the Coanda effect. As long as the curve is not too drastic, the molecules of air try to follow the airfoil shape. This is because of a property that fluids have called viscosity, which is a resistance to flow. Those molecules closestShow MoreRelatedPhysics in Aircrafts Essay682 Words   |  3 PagesPhysics in Aircrafts All you need to know about the role physics plays in the flight of an aircraft. Introduction Many people are amazed with the flight of an object, especially one the size of an airplane, but they do not realize how much physics plays a role in this amazing incident. There are many different ways in which physics aids the flight of an aircraft. In the following few paragraphs some of the many ways will be described so that you, the reader, will realize physics at workRead MoreFeasibility Report On Instructions For Building A Folded Paper985 Words   |  4 PagesFeasibility Report on Instructions for Building a Folded Paper Gilder INTRODUCTION Purpose The purpose of this report is to evaluate the feasibility of using the Folded Paper Gilder as the material to introduce the concept of lift to students in PHYS 101. Problem PHYS 101: Physics for the Nonscientist is a course that aims to introduce the â€Å"nature of physical universe and the application of physical principles to life in the modern world† at Iowa State University (ISU Catalog). According to its syllabusRead MoreEssay on The Physics of Flight1582 Words   |  7 PagesThe Physics of Flight The trials and tribulations of flight have had their ups and downs over the course of history. From the many who failed to the few that conquered; the thought of flight has always astonished us all. The Wright brothers were the first to sustain flight and therefore are credited with the invention of the airplane. John Allen who wrote Aerodynamics: The Science of Air in Motion says, â€Å"The Wright Brothers were the supreme example of their time of men gifted with practicalRead MoreThe Physics of a Golf Ball Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesThe Physics of a Golf Ball The first written reference of golf was in 1457. Golf balls have had extraordinary changes since that time; theyve gone from leather pouches to dried gum to todays dimpled balls. These dimples help decrease the drag and increase the lift. Different forces are applied to the golf ball when struck by the club. Golf clubs have grooves to create backspin. And then there are different variables that affect how a golf ball will travel, these include: lie angle andRead More The Physics of Boomerangs Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesThe Physics of Boomerangs The successful flight of a boomerang looks as though it never should happen. Its more or less circular flight path comes from the interaction of two physical phenomena: the aerodynamic lift of the arms of the boomerang and the spinning boomerang’s maintenance of angular momentum. Briefly put, the airfoil at the boomerang’s forward rotating edge provides more lift than its rearward rotating edge. This elevates one side of the boomerang. The spinning object maintainsRead More Bernoulli Principle Essay577 Words   |  3 PagesAirflow over an airfoil Flight is one of the most important achievements of mankind. We owe this achievement to the invention of the airfoil and understanding the physics that allow it to lift enormous weights into the sky. All flight is the result of forces acting upon the wings of an airplane that allow it to counteract gravity. Contrary to popular belief, the Bernoulli principle is not responsible for most of the lift generated by an airplanes wings. Rather, the lift is created by air being deflectedRead MoreAerodynamics of a Baseball1424 Words   |  6 Pagesmany sports, such as tennis, soccer, hunting, and motor sports, we will investigate the effects of aerodynamics on baseball. The three main forces that act on a baseball in flight are the weight, drag, and lift. In an effort to understand how a baseball changes direction we will discuss an additional force called the lift coefficient or Magnus Force. This force is developed by the rotation or spinning of the baseball. We will discuss several different pitches and how the Magnus force acts onRead MoreAerodynamics of Planes Essay1639 Words   |  7 Pagesmachine to fly. I have always wanted to explore ideas of flight and be able to actually fly. I think I may have found my childhood fantasy in the world of aeronautical engineering. The object of my paper is to give me more insight on my future career as an aeronautical engineer. This paper was also to give me ideas of the physics of flight and be to apply those physics of flight to compete in a high school competition. History of Flight The history of flying dates back as early as the fifteenthRead MoreNewtons Laws of Motion858 Words   |  3 PagesTo walk is not as hard as running, so less force is needed to succeed in doing it (Forester). This leads us to the third law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction (Newton’s Third Law). Another concept of Physics is moving water. For example, flushing the toilet, waterfalls and dams. Flushing a toilet is a great example of transferring energy. Usually on most toilets there is tan on the back of it filled with water. Water that is stored is a greatRead MoreNewton’s Laws of Motion in Modern Aircrafts1087 Words   |  5 Pages16, 1949, by the famous inventor Frank Whittle (FindtheData, n.d.). The principles behind how a jet-engine powered aircraft works associate with many laws of physics, from Newton’s Law of Inertia to the Third Law of Motion. These laws are also applicable to the aerofoil and the engines aerodynamically, in particular with the four forces: lift, drag, weight and thrust which allows an aircraft to maneuver across the skies. Firstly, back in 1687, Sir Isaac Newton discovered three different laws of motion

Effect of Child Abuse in Our Society - 1405 Words

INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY EFFECT OF CHILD ABUSE IN OUR SOCIETY INTRODUCTION Child abuse is the physical, sexual, emotional abandonment and/or maltreatment of a child. Child abuse is a latent function of some families that is not intended but happens anyway. Child abuse is often seen differently, depending on various cultures, societies, and groups. We as a society cannot really understand the effect of â€Å"Child Abuse in Our Society† unless we have the grasp knowledge of what child abuse actually is. This paper will thus explain in detail, the causes of child abuse, as understanding the causes of abuse is crucial to addressing the problem of child abuse. This paper will also show the micro and macro†¦show more content†¦Psychological problems often manifest as high-risk behaviors. Depression and anxiety, for example, may make a person more likely to smoke, abuse alcohol or illicit drugs. (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2008). The Macro effect of child abuse in our society and the cultural implications are in the greater capacity compare to the â€Å"micro† effects. Most of the criminal cases in America today have traces to the upbringing of the alleged criminal. Most convicted murderer has told the story of their child abuse experience which as a result, developed them into a non caring people. Child abuse gives the abused child a distorted view of the society, be it emotional, physical, or sexual. The abused child will grow disoriented and often unable to engage with the general population, also they suffer developmental skills resulting in various social problems in life, which in turn affects all of us one way or another such as, increase in crime rate, unrest due to various attacks in the society, addition to drugs in a attempt to hide from their problems. Although specific causes are not known, a significant body of research has identified several risk and protective factors. Multiple risk factors are more likely to increase the probability of abuse. For example, lack of preparation or knowledge of the demands of parenting can lead to abusive orShow MoreRelatedLong-term consequences of Child Abuse on the Society1559 Words   |  7 PagesConsequences of Child Abuse Child abuse is the physical, emotional, or sexual mistreatment of a child by his or her parent or guardian. Many do not realize how many children are abused in their homes every day. According to a publication titled Child Maltreatment 2008, children are more likely to be the victim of child abuse and neglect than they are to be the victim of anything else (Speak-Up-Be-Safe). In fact, more than one million children in the United States alone are a victim of child abuse (WisdomRead More Investigating the Long-Term Effects of Physical Child Abuse Essay1057 Words   |  5 Pagesestimated 905,000 children were victims of child abuse or neglect in 2006(Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2008). 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Many child abuse and neglect cases go unreported because a person may not know the signs and symptoms of child abuse and neglect or perhaps the person or person may feel that thisRead MoreBattered Woman Syndrome As A Defense852 Words   |  4 PagesWoman Syndrome† as a valid defence after killing their abusive spouse. According to the Domestic Abuse Shelter, â€Å"In today s society, Batteringâ€Å" is the single major cause of injury to women, exceeding rapes, muggings and auto accidents combined (Domestic Abuse Shelter - A New Beginning). In multiple cases, death threats have been made, causing victims to believe they are on their own without help from our justice system. This leads to victims finally standing up to their abuser and putting an endRead MoreChild Molestation And Its Effect On Childr en1638 Words   |  7 Pagesaware of the nature of the crime or offense. One of the most traumatizing experiences that a child can ever encounter in their adolescent life is sexual abuse. Child molestation has been inflicted on many children throughout history and most will agree that it is a harmful and despicable act, however do we know why it occurs? Do we know what causes child sexual abuse and does it have the same effect on every child? Are some children even aware of the fact that they are being victimized? There are manyRead MoreEssay on Child Abuse and Neglect858 Words   |  4 Pages There are many things in our society today that unfortunately go overlooked. One such thing that is overlooked is the number of children who are being abused. Unfortunately these children are going through life not knowing whether or not their parents will loose their temper and perhaps kill them. There are many types of child abuse, such as physical, sexual, and emotional. 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Strengths Weaknesses Research Methodology -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Strengths Weaknesses Research Methodology? Answer: Introduction The main purpose of this paper is to critically analyze different research methodology and find out an appropriate methodology for the research thesis on the topic of sleep quality study. Research on this topic is significant because it is a unique topic area which is focusing on variations in the quality of sleep and its impact on health. Hence, this research can also give an insight into factors that disrupts good quality of sleep. The first assignment was related to literature review on the selected topic and this assignment is concerned with working out appropriate methodology for the research topic. The paper provides an idea about the research problems and then reorganizes the research problem according to collected literature. In the second section, analysis of different types of research methodology is presented. The third deals with analysis of existing methodologies in collected literature. The final sections provide an insight into the methodology chosen for our research t hesis. Research problems and collected literatures My research thesis is on the topic of sleep quality study. Sleep quality is a term that describes a persons satisfaction with sleep patterns. It is a complex phenomenon that deals not only with quantity of sleep, but also with other sleep related experience such as sleep initiation, disruptions in sleep and refreshment after waking from sleep (1). A good quality of sleep is essential for healthy mind and body, however disruptions in sleep is associated with fatigue, tension and other issues for affected people (2). However, there are many issues that come in the way of good sleep quality. One such issue in the topic of sleep quality is the high incidence of sleep disorder and insomnia and its impact on health of people. Hence, incidence of insomnia and its impact on health is one of the research problems. Research literature has given insight into the risk of infectious and inflammatory disease and all-cause mortality due to sleep disturbance. Such evidence needs to be examined by pu blic health staffs because 25% of the US population suffers from insomnia and 10% of them are diagnosed with chronic insomnia (3). Therefore, high incidence of sleep disturbance and risk for adverse health consequences may increase the health burden. Hence, this research problem needed to addressed in the research for the topic sleep quality study. Sleep quality of an individual is also affected due to poor routine or environment. Sleep timing and quality is also affected due to inappropriate shift timing. Hence, shift work is one of the research problem related to the topic of quality sleep. A study done on shift workers has revealed large incidence of sleep difficulties or lack of sleep in people doing night shifts. It affects their circardian clock and inability to synchronize with internal clock of the body creates problem for students (4). Other sub-problems seen in the research topic is that certain medical conditions, use of chemical and environment around people also act as a barrier in good sleep. Hence, in relation to the problem of adverse impact of sleep on health, the research thesis will help in designing appropriate methodology to understand differences in health of individuals with good sleep and those having sleeping disorders or other problem. Organization of collected literature Research problem Sub problem Collected Literature High incidence of sleep disorder and insomnia in people Difference in subjective meaning of sleep quality in different individual Adverse impact on health Role of shift work on sleep problems Light as a disruptor in sleep Impact on daytime functioning and quality of life (1) (3) (4) (5, 6) (7) Sleep disorder due to effect of medical condition Role of chemical substance Role of medical condition in sleep quality (9) (9, 10) Compare and contrast of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies: The methodology chosen for research differs on the basis of research objective and core purpose of research. Qualitative research methodology is selected when the main purpose of research is to uncover thoughts, opinions and motivation of people in relation to specific social phenomenon. It is a form of exploratory research that favors researchers to get in-depth idea about research problem and get clear idea about the problem. Such research mainly deals with non-numerical data to interpret meaning from participants response to a phenomenon. Qualitative research methodology can be conducted by different methods such as interviews, survey, focus groups, open-ended questionnaires and content analysis. As this method requires researchers to collect in-depth perception about any event, it is done with small sample size (11). In contrast to qualitative research, quantitative research is done when the main purpose is to quantify attitudes, opinion or behavior of participants related to phenomenon. It mainly deals with number or objective stance to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variable. The main advantage of quantitative research methodology is that it favors doing research with large sample size and using measurable data to analyze facts and opinion. This kind of research can be done by means of surveys, face-to-face interviews, longitudinal studies and systematic observation (12). The main difference between quantitative and qualitative research methodology is that quantitative methodology is based on objective stance whereas qualitative research methodology is based on subjective stance. Hence, qualitative research favors interpreting subjective experience of participants, whereas quantitative methodology facilitates collecting objective data from participants. With respect to sample size, quantitative research method favors taking large samples compared to qualitative methodology. Another strength of quantitative research methodology is that the research can be conducted in short time frame, however qualitative research is a time consuming process (13). In terms of analysis, qualitative methods rely on inductive process to formulate hypothesis, whereas quantitative method relies on deductive process to test hypothesis. As quantitative method provides observed effects of a condition, it is more generalizable compared to qualitative methods which provide opini on-based result. In the context of validity and reliability, it can be said that for both research methods, this is dependent on the rigor used in research (14). Method selected for thesis project As my research is mainly concerned with exploring different aspects of sleep quality in insomniac and good sleeper, I plan to adopt qualitative research methodology for my research project. Qualitative research methods favor in-depth exploration of opinions. Hence, qualitative research methodology will help me to collect data from different groups of participants regarding sleep quality, impact of sleep quality and factors affecting sleep. The advantage of taking two groups of good sleepers and insomniac is that it will help in to differentiate between sleep quality and health impact in healthy people and those with sleep problems. It will help me to collect enough data for each group of participants. I can do cross sectional survey with two groups of participant and my formulation of survey questionnaire and analysis of the data will determine the quality of my research. Cross-sectional study is useful to study health characteristics in a population at a given time. This method is p roposed to address the core objective of my research. Review, analyze and summarize the existing methodologies reported in the collected literatures There are many problems related to sleep quality such high incidence of sleep disorder, adverse impact on health, impact on quality of life and impact on circardian cycle. However, I would like to conduct research with the issue of impact of sleep on quality of life and daytime functioning. Working on this sub-problem is relevant to my research objective, as reviewing research literature in this area will help me to determine all factors that disrupts sleep in good sleepers and insomniacs. Analysis of selected methodology The Subjective Meaning of Sleep Quality: A Comparison of Individuals with and without Insomnia My main aim of my first research literature was to determine the subjective meaning of sleep quality among people with insomnia and normal sleepers. Although lot of research has been done on sleep quality among good sleepers, however understanding the perception of sleep among insomnia patient is crucial to promote recovery of insomniacs. To conduct the research, qualitative approach was used by following Speak Freely procedure and Sleep Quality Interview procedure to collect data. Speak Freely procedure helped in getting data related to participants description of good and poor quality sleep. Sleep quality interview questioned participants regarding different sleep variables. Sleep diary was also maintained where participants had to answer questions related to sleep quality on seven consecutive nights. The results mainly showed that similar sleep quality variables defined by both groups and insomnia group judged sleep mainly on quality of sleep (1). The key weakness in the methodolo gy was completion of multiple comparisons due to qualitative approach. However, the replicability of such research is low because of large data on sleep quality. Evening exposure to a light-emitting diodes (LED)-backlit computer screen affects circadian physiology and cognitive performance My second study focused on examining effect of evening exposure to LED-backlit computer screen on circadian physiology and cognitive performance. Research in this area was important because many people sit for longer time in front of computer screen in their office. Hence, investigating its impact of alertness, cognitive performance and melatonin level was important. This study was done by taking balanced crossover design. Young male volunteers between 19-35 years age had to fill out questionnaires related to health, sleep quality and sleep behaviors. The study protocol was to carry out experiment study with participants for two week where the focus was to expose participants to computer screen light. All participants had to report 6 hours prior to bedtime and they had to complete cognitive task as well as 5 hour screen exposure episode before (5). The study was based mainly on quantitative approach, however the main limitation in this methodology is that the researcher has made rese arch process very complex by taking lot of exercise after exposure. It is hard to replicate such studies considering technical complexity of the research. The main aim of the third literature was to assess the impact of disease, pain and psychological factors on self-reported sleep disturbance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Quantitative approach was used to collect data related to medication use, disease activity and pain, psychological functioning and sleep disturbance. Data was analyzed using SPSS 19.0 and sleep disturbance variable was examined using multiple regression approach (9). The use of quantitative research approach was useful in predicting that pain and depressive symptoms are more important predictors of sleep disturbance. It established clear links between sleep disturbance variables and participants. Relevance of the reviewed methodologies Among the methodologies reviewed in research literature, literature 1 is most relevant to my study because it focused on evaluating sleep perceptions in normal sleepers and people with insomnia. My research objective is very close to this aim too. Literature 2 is found partly relevant to my research as it gives an insight into role of light exposure on sleep problems. It is found partly relevant because although it gives idea about factors affecting sleep, however quality of life parameter is not closely addressed. I find literature 3 not to be relevant to my study because it focused on evaluating sleep disturbance in people with rheumatoid arthritis, however my research sample does not include this group. Literature Research problem Methodology Subproblem Relevance Literature 1 High incidence of sleep disorder and insomnia in people Qualitative Difference in subjective meaning of sleep quality in different individual Strongly Relevant Literature 2 High incidence of sleep disorder and insomnia in people Quantitative Light as a disruptor in sleep Partly relevant Literature 3 Sleep disorder due to effect of medical condition Role of medical condition on sleep quality Not relevant Propose own methodology for research problem I propose to use cross-sectional qualitative research methodology by use of survey questionnaires to collect data from two groups of participants. I want to use a survey questionnaire which is very specific to my research objectives and I aim to see how factors related to sleep disturbance differs in both group. Benefits and limitations of methodology Benefits: Ability to direct explore opinion of people with insomnia Reliable source as realistic opinion can be provided High reliability Easy to administer surveys Limitations Chances of biasness due to different opinions of different people Influence of culture and background on study results Chances of error in data Framework of methodology After analysis of different methodology used in research, qualitative research design has been chosen to evaluate the factors affecting sleep quality. The use of qualitative approach by means of survey questionnaire has been chosen to explore and interpret different factors affecting sleep and the condition that significantly challenged people in having good sleep. Two participants have been chosen to understand how definition of sleep quality and factors affecting sleep changes in people with good sleep and those with insomnia. Both open and closed ended questionnaire has been planned for the research to get detailed data related to specific barrier to sleep. On this basis, the factors will be categorized on the basis of severity. Thematic analysis will help in systematically arranging and discussing different factors influencing sleep quality. Reference Harvey AG, Stinson K, Whitaker KL, Moskovitz D, Virk H. The subjective meaning of sleep quality: a comparison of individuals with and without insomnia. Sleep. 2008 Mar 1;31(3):383-93. Pow J, King DB, Stephenson E, DeLongis A. Does social support buffer the effects of occupational stress on sleep quality among paramedics? A daily diary study. Journal of occupational health psychology. 2017 Jan;22(1):71. Irwin MR. Why sleep is important for health: a psychoneuroimmunology perspective. Annual review of psychology. 2015 Jan 5;66. Vetter C, Fischer D, Matera JL, Roenneberg T. Aligning work and circadian time in shift workers improves sleep and reduces circadian disruption. Current Biology. 2015 Mar 30;25(7):907-11. Cajochen C, Frey S, Anders D, Spti J, Bues M, Pross A, Mager R, Wirz-Justice A, Stefani O. Evening exposure to a light-emitting diodes (LED)-backlit computer screen affects circadian physiology and cognitive performance. Journal of applied physiology. 2011 Mar 17;110(5):1432-8. Wood B, Rea MS, Plitnick B, Figueiro MG. Light level and duration of exposure determine the impact of self-luminous tablets on melatonin suppression. Applied ergonomics. 2013 Mar 31;44(2):237-40. Shochat T, Cohen-Zion M, Tzischinsky O. Functional consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents: a systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2014 Feb 28;18(1):75-87. Drake C, Roehrs T, Shambroom J, Roth T. Caffeine effects on sleep taken 0, 3, or 6 hours before going to bed. Journal of clinical sleep medicine: JCSM: official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 2013 Nov 15;9(11):1195. Nicassio PM, Ormseth SR, Kay M, Custodio M, Irwin MR, Olmstead R, Weisman MH. The contribution of pain and depression to self-reported sleep disturbance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Pain. 2012 Jan 31;153(1):107-12. Irwin MR, Olmstead R, Carrillo C, Sadeghi N, FitzGerald JD, Ranganath VK, Nicassio PM. Sleep loss exacerbates fatigue, depression, and pain in rheumatoid arthritis. Sleep. 2012 Apr 1;35(4):537-43. Silverman D, editor. Qualitative research. Sage; 2016 May 16. Kumar R. Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners. Sage; 2014 Jan 14. Choy LT. The strengths and weaknesses of research methodology: Comparison and complimentary between qualitative and quantitative approaches. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 2014;19(4):99-104. Neuman WL, Robson K. Basics of social research. Pearson Canada; 2014 Feb 4